Improvements machinery for the manufacture of aerated bread



` can DAUGLISH, M. n., 0F

A UNITEDH Soumis` PATENT OFFICE.

READING, ENGLAND, AssrGNoR 'ro srUBEN' fr.

BACON, or nosromnnssncnosnrrs.

Specification forming part of Letters PatentNo 48.534,' dated July Toall whom it may concern: i

r Be it known that I, J oHN` DAUGLIsH, M. D., of Beading, in the countyof Berks, inl England,have made an Invention in the Manufacture ofAerated Bread; and I do hereby de-V clare that the folle win g, takenpinconnection with the drawings which accompany and. form part of thisspecification, is" a `description of` been'customary, after the mixinghas been com! pleted, to discharge from the mixer, by mean'sJ of thepressure therein, `the dough through regulated apertures into open`troughs or hakt ing.:-pans.` During .this operation a portion of .thegas'eontained lin the dough is liberated therefrom so soonas not tocause the bread td have that vesicular structure whichis'needed toinsure the best qualityof bread, and which, best quality might have beenattained had not lthe gas escaped so largely from` the dough dur,`

ing its passage from the 'mixer tothe-bakingpans.. By myinvention Iprevent much of this escape of gas from the dough in its said passageand muchor `sudden expansion of the dough from expansion of the gasincorporated *therein until the dough is fairly deposited in thebaking-pans, and in consequence improve 'the qualityof the `breadproduced and ,secure amore uniform result.4 e Y Myinventon consists inlesseningthe escape of lgas from ldough and the expansion thereof bysurrounding. the dough during' its passage 'o from'the mixer to thebaking-pan with any suit- :able aeriform body under a pressure exceedingthe' ordnary'atmospheric pressure.

A k.While inthisspecication and in thedrawings belongingthereunto Ishowthe best'means known to me for putting myinvention in to practice, Iwish to be understood that, while .said means are invented byvme, I makeherein` no claim-to them, but confine my claim to the mode of operationor process, as will be'seen in the sequel.4 v

Figure l showsfa` vertical. section taken in the line w :u of Fig. 2,and in elevation beyond au apparatus which I uscin the practice of myinvention; and Fig. 2 is an end elevation of said apparatus. 'n w In thedrawings, c represents the lowerpart of-th mixer, which is charged withdough or paste and carbonio-acid gas under heavy press-4 ure.

b is a hollow cylinder secured to c, and having withinit an apparatusfor measuring and dischargingdeiinite quantities of dough fromthemixer.- l f d is a plunger accurately fitted to slide to and fro inthe cylinder and to compress the air within it, a cup'leath'erpacking-ring, c, being used, as is common insmilar cases, to preventleakage of the air while compressed in j the cylinder. lThe movement'otthe plunger is steadied by a `suitable guide vas it yis-forcedupwardl byrotation of cam'fonv the shaft y and downward by gravitation andexpansion of the air above .in the cylinder, as the cam in .its ro.tation permits the descentot' the plu1\ger,which in the drawings isshown inits most depressed position. Thetp of the plunger, when at itslowest position, is on 'a level with the plain..

surface of a tablein which the plunger-guide is made, while on the topof the plunger are fitted guides to govern the position o t'the dou-gl|-receptacle or baking-pan The'measuring-apparatns may be described I asfollows: In the upper part of the` cylinder b a. kind of rotatngjvalveor plug, a, is so fit ted as totightiy close 'the aperture in the mixerthrough which the dough is discharged. A

mortise lis made through this plug, and is iiltted `with a piston,7:,-which can slide within the mortise`so1as to leave a receptacle.communi-4 catingwith the mixeiyas shown in Fig. 1. This e receptaclewill be lled with dough as the valve rotates, carrying-in it a definiteamount, andfwhen the valve chas turned about one hundred andeightydegrees the piston which slides in the'morti'se will bebroughtuppermost and `subjected to the pressure fromthe dough iii .themixer, which will force down the piston,

discharging the dough previously separated vof the valve u, thepiston'is madein two parts,

is as'followe: The shaft g and the shaft i, by

-valve it does so in a dense atmosphere, which tus for working withvarious pressures in the i thisean be lessened by employmeu t ot' asafetydenite quantities of dough may be removed i and discharged tillthe entire mass vin the mixer has been expended. i

To graduate nicely the quantity of dough which shall be removed in eachsemi-rotation so arranged that by a screw the parts may be separated ordrawn together7 und thus the size y ol' the' douglrreceptacles in thevulve may be i diminished or increased, as may be desirable.

The operation ot' the parts in combination which the valve a is rotated,are made to revolve in unison 'by any suitable connections, cere beingtaken that the plunger shall, with a baking-pan upon it, commence torise and shall complete its rsewhile the solid part of 'becomescompressed, so 'that when the dough i is dropped or forced from thereceptacle in the prevents much expansion of the gas in die dough or itsescape tlneretroanQ The plunger, with the' baking-pan thereon 'chargedwitlil dough, descends to the level of the table, auf empty pan issubstituted for the charged one,1 i, 'ui'diiiistoii airain' ridato itshighest po` stion before the salve 'zi so for turned as to dischargeanother meneur portion of dough. hedensity of the airwhen eliycompressed Ain the vcylinder will be determined by the proportionswhiehthe diameter and stroke of the plunger bear to the spaeeleitabe-ve theplunger i when fully-up, und where a tired standard of Working-pressurewithin the mixer is assumed these proportions may be determined at theoutset, so as to secure the desired pressure with;l out the need oi adischarge or safety valve. f

' Where is desirable io construct an apparaymixer, this may' beaccomplished by haring the proportions oi parte and movements such as tosecure the maximum pressure required, as

valve adjustable to. various pressures; or the mechanism may be such aswill give any de aired amount of movement to the plunger.

Special care and attention have to be paid to the 13o-ordination ci' thepressures or densities within and without the mixer at the time when thedoughis delivered to the baking-pan. The pressure without must neverexceed or quitey equal the pressure Within; but the less differencebetween the pressures which will insure in the mixer, also in themeasuring apparatus,l and also in the discharging chamber or cyliny yder, until alter the measured quantity of dough has been received intothe baking-pan or other receptacle. W ith this object additionalpressure is employed in the mixer at the time ofthe discharge. The doughin each case is prepared and mixed under a pressure suicient to securenot only the' absorption by the water used Of'a sniiicient quantity otcarbonio acid gas to obtain the desired yesiciilation othedough'wheueverit is allowed to eseapeyfrom the water,"

but also to prevent suoli escape and a consequent' vesiculation takin gplatee during the op` eration of mixing, or whilethe dough is retainedwithin the mixer; and for the retention ofthe gas Within-the dough lichenlixi'ngprcssf ureisincreasedduringthedeliveryot'thedough throughthe'delivering -andmeasuring appara-Vl tus by the additional pressure inthe mixer. Ehe operator will'regu'late lhisadd itioual press4 ure in themixer at the time ot' delivering the dough therefrom according tothelightness or slackuess of the dough and the ease and smoothness withwhichthemeasnring apparafy atns is made to work and a little practice,will enable him to judge in each case as to the difference ofpressurelit is desirable tomaintaiu within the interior of the mixer andthe cylinder or receiving-chamber. The requisite excess of pressure inthe mixer is kept up by a continuous supply' by pumping orauy otherconvenient method.

It is apparent that more than one of the l l above-described apparatuscan be attached to the mixer, or that more than one receptacle of doughat a time can be filled with dough orfre tained in the cylinder l), ifitshould be desired.

Iclaimy I v The process or method ofl operation substantially asdescribed.

JOHN DAUGLISH, M. D.y Witnesses:

GEORGE F. WARREN ons DEAN,

Both of 1-'1 Gmceclmrch Streenylondew, E. 0..

